Pain: Definition, Types, Pathway & Differences | Easy Biology Notes

 



đŸŠē Pain – Definition, Types & Mechanism (Easy Notes)

What is Pain?

Pain is one of the most common clinical symptoms of a disease. It is an unpleasant and subjective experience that occurs when body tissues are damaged. Pain acts as a protective reflex, helping the body react and remove harmful stimuli.

Pain Centre

The pain centre is located in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of the brain.

Pain Receptors

Pain is sensed through receptors. Free nerve endings act as pain receptors and are present throughout the body. These receptors respond to three types of stimuli:

  • Mechanical
  • Thermal
  • Chemical

Pain Pathway

When pain receptors are stimulated, signals are transmitted to the brain’s pain centre, where the sensation of pain is perceived.

Classification of Pain

Pain can be classified as:

  • Acute pain
  • Chronic pain

Based on origin:

  • Skeletomuscular (Inflammatory) pain
  • Smooth muscle (Spasmodic) pain

Difference Between Pain Types

Spasmodic Pain:

  • Occurs in smooth muscles
  • Mechanical stimulus
  • Generally acute
  • Not precisely localized
  • No tissue damage

Inflammatory Pain:

  • Occurs in skeletal muscles
  • Chemical stimulus
  • Acute followed by chronic
  • Precisely localized
  • Tissue damage present

đŸŠē āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨা (Pain) – āϏংāϜ্āĻžা, āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া

āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨা āĻ•ী?

āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨা āĻšāϞো āĻāĻ•āϟি āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ•্āϞিāύিāĻ•্āϝাāϞ āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ, āϝা āĻļāϰীāϰেāϰ āϟিāϏ্āϝু āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āĻšāϞে āĻ…āύুāĻ­ূāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻāϟি āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…āϏ্āĻŦāϏ্āϤিāĻ•āϰ āĻ“ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ূāϤি āĻāĻŦং āĻļāϰীāϰāĻ•ে āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻ•āϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻীāĻĒāύা āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϰāĻ•্āώা āĻ•āϰāϤে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে।

āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨাāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ

āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨাāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻŽāϏ্āϤিāώ্āĻ•েāϰ āϏেāϰিāĻŦ্āϰাāϞ āĻ•āϰ্āϟেāĻ•্āϏ āĻ“ āĻšাāχāĻĒোāĻĨ্āϝাāϞাāĻŽাāϏ-āĻ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ।

āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨা āĻ—্āϰাāĻšāĻ• (Pain Receptors)

āĻļāϰীāϰেāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦāϤ্āϰ āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻĢ্āϰি āύাāϰ্āĻ­ āĻāύ্āĻĄিংāϏ āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨা āĻ—্āϰাāĻšāĻ• āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে। āĻāĻ—ুāϞো āϤিāύ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻীāĻĒāύাāϝ় āϏāĻ•্āϰিāϝ় āĻšāϝ়—

  • āϝাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ• (Mechanical)
  • āϤাāĻĒীāϝ় (Thermal)
  • āϰাāϏাāϝ়āύিāĻ• (Chemical)

āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨাāϰ āĻĒāĻĨ (Pain Pathway)

āϝāĻ–āύ āϰিāϏেāĻĒ্āϟāϰ āωāϤ্āϤেāϜিāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āϤāĻ–āύ āϏংāĻ•েāϤ āĻŽāϏ্āϤিāώ্āĻ•ে āĻĒৌঁāĻ›ে āϝাāϝ় āĻāĻŦং āφāĻŽāϰা āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨা āĻ…āύুāĻ­āĻŦ āĻ•āϰি।

āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨাāϰ āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖীāĻŦিāĻ­াāĻ—

  • āϤীāĻŦ্āϰ (Acute)
  • āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāϏ্āĻĨাāϝ়ী (Chronic)

āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻ…āύুāϝাāϝ়ী—

  • āĻ•āĻ™্āĻ•াāϞ āĻĒেāĻļীāϜāύিāϤ / āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāĻšāϜāύিāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨা
  • āĻŽāϏৃāĻŖ āĻĒেāĻļীāϜāύিāϤ / āϏ্āĻĒাāϜāĻŽāĻĄিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨা

āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ

āϏ্āĻĒাāϜāĻŽāĻĄিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨা:

  • āĻŽāϏৃāĻŖ āĻĒেāĻļীāϤে āĻšāϝ়
  • āϝাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ• āωāĻĻ্āĻĻীāĻĒāύা
  • āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āϤীāĻŦ্āϰ
  • āϏāĻ িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āύāϝ়
  • āϟিāϏ্āϝু āĻ•্āώāϤি āύেāχ

āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāĻšāϜāύিāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāĻĨা:

  • āĻ•āĻ™্āĻ•াāϞ āĻĒেāĻļীāϤে āĻšāϝ়
  • āϰাāϏাāϝ়āύিāĻ• āωāĻĻ্āĻĻীāĻĒāύা
  • āϤীāĻŦ্āϰ → āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāϏ্āĻĨাāϝ়ী
  • āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ…āύুāĻ­ূāϤ
  • āϟিāϏ্āϝু āĻ•্āώāϤি āĻšāϝ়

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