đ§ Nervous System – Complete Notes (Easy & Exam Ready)
đ§ Nervous System – Complete Notes (Easy & Exam Ready)
đš Introduction
The Nervous System is the master controlling system of the human body. It controls, coordinates, and integrates all body activities. It also helps us communicate with the external environment.
The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron.
đš Structure of Neuron
- Dendron – receives impulses
- Axon – sends impulses
đš Classification of Nervous System
- Central Nervous System (CNS) – Brain & Spinal Cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – Cranial & Spinal nerves
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) – Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
đš Brain Structure
- Cerebrum – memory, intelligence
- Thalamus – emotions
- Hypothalamus – temperature, hunger, sleep
- Cerebellum – balance
- Medulla – breathing & heartbeat
đš Cranial Nerves
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves controlling smell, vision, facial movement, and vital functions.
đš Spinal Cord
Located inside the vertebral column. It has 31 segments and gives rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
đš Types of Nervous System
- Voluntary – under our control
- Involuntary – controls heart rate, respiration, digestion
đš Receptors
Receptors receive stimuli and convert them into electrical impulses.
đš Mechanism of Nerve Action
- Stimulus activates receptor
- Signal goes to brain
- Brain processes information
- Response sent to muscles
Reflex Action: Quick response controlled by spinal cord.
đš Components of Nervous System
- Receptor
- Sensory neuron
- Motor neuron
- Synapse
- Effector organ
đš Neurotransmitter
Chemical substances like Adrenaline and Acetylcholine that transmit signals.
đš Synapse
Junction between two neurons where impulse transmission occurs.
đš Important Centres
- Cardiac centre
- Respiratory centre
- Vomiting centre
- Cough centre
đ§ āϏ্āύাāϝ়ুāϤāύ্āϤ্āϰ – āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āύোāĻ
đš āĻĒāϰিāĻিāϤি
āϏ্āύাāϝ়ুāϤāύ্āϤ্āϰ āĻŽাāύāĻŦāĻĻেāĻšেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা। āĻāĻি āĻļāϰীāϰেāϰ āϏāĻŦ āĻাāĻ āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ āĻāϰে।
đš āύিāĻāϰāύেāϰ āĻāĻ āύ
- āĻĄেāύāĻĄ্āϰāύ – āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻীāĻĒāύা āĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰে
- āĻ ্āϝাāĻ্āϏāύ – āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻীāĻĒāύা āĻĒ্āϰেāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰে
đš āĻŦিāĻাāĻāύ
- CNS – āĻŽāϏ্āϤিāώ্āĻ āĻ āĻŽেāϰুāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ
- PNS – āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āύাāϰ্āĻ
- ANS – Sympathetic āĻ Parasympathetic
đš āĻŽāϏ্āϤিāώ্āĻ
- Cerebrum – āĻিāύ্āϤা āĻ āϏ্āĻŽৃāϤি
- Thalamus – āĻāĻŦেāĻ
- Hypothalamus – āĻļāϰীāϰেāϰ āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ
- Cerebellum – āĻাāϰāϏাāĻŽ্āϝ
- Medulla – āĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻ āĻšৃāĻĻāϏ্āĻĒāύ্āĻĻāύ
đš āĻŽেāϰুāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ
ā§Šā§§āĻি āĻ ংāĻļ āύিāϝ়ে āĻāĻ িāϤ āĻāĻŦং ā§Šā§§ āĻোāĻĄ়া āύাāϰ্āĻ āĻā§āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻāϰে।
đš āϏ্āύাāϝ়ুāϤāύ্āϤ্āϰেāϰ āϧāϰāύ
- Voluntary – āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্āϰিāϤ
- Involuntary – āϏ্āĻŦāϝ়ংāĻ্āϰিāϝ়
đš āϰিāϏেāĻĒ্āĻāϰ
āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻীāĻĒāύাāĻে āĻŦৈāĻĻ্āϝুāϤিāĻ āϏংāĻেāϤে āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻāϰে।
đš āύাāϰ্āĻেāϰ āĻাāĻ
- āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻীāĻĒāύা āĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖ
- āĻŽāϏ্āϤিāώ্āĻে āĻĒাāĻ াāύো
- āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ্āϰিāϝ়া āϏৃāώ্āĻি
đš āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ ংāĻļ
- Receptor
- Sensory neuron
- Motor neuron
- Synapse
- Effector organ
đš āĻāĻĒāϏংāĻšাāϰ
āϏ্āύাāϝ়ুāϤāύ্āϤ্āϰ āĻļāϰীāϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻি āĻাāĻ āύিāϝ়āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ āĻāϰে āĻāĻŦং āĻীāĻŦāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻ āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।

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