Digestive System Explained | How Food is Digested in Human Body (KYM Guide)

 Digestive System: How Food is Processed in Our Body

👉 English below | āĻŦাংāϞা āύিāϚে 👇

What is the Digestive System?

The gastrointestinal (GI) system is responsible for:

Digestion

Absorption

Utilization of food

It consists of: 👉 Alimentary canal + Accessory organs

🧩 Alimentary Canal (G.I. Tract)

👄 Mouth

Teeth chew food

Saliva helps digestion

Food becomes soft mass called bolus

đŸ—Ŗ️ Pharynx

Passage behind mouth

Divided into oral, nasal & laryngeal parts

🔗 Oesophagus

Muscular tube (~10 inches)

Pushes food to stomach

đŸĢƒ Stomach

J-shaped muscular organ

Contains:

Fundus

Body

Antrum

👉 Gastric juice contains:

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

Pepsin

Gastric Lipase

👉 Function:

Protein digestion

Enzyme activation

đŸ§Ē Small Intestine

Parts:

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

👉 Enzymes:

Proteolytic (Trypsin)

Lipolytic (Lipase)

Amylolytic (Maltase, Lactase)

👉 Main function: ✔️ Digestion completion

✔️ Nutrient absorption

đŸšŊ Large Intestine

Parts:

Colon

Rectum

👉 Functions:

Water absorption (≈90%)

Stool formation

Gut bacteria activity

đŸšĒ Anal Canal

Controls stool passage

Helps defecation

🧠 Accessory Organs

💧 Salivary Glands

Parotid

Submandibular

Sublingual

👉 Produce saliva (contains enzyme ptyalin)

đŸ§Ŧ Pancreas

Both endocrine & exocrine

👉 Produces:

Trypsin

Amylase

Lipase

🏭 Liver

Largest organ

Controls metabolism

👉 Produces bile

Functions:

Fat digestion

Neutralizes acid

Removes toxins

đŸŸĸ Gall Bladder

Stores bile

Releases into intestine

đŸ”Ŧ Histology of G.I. Tract

Layers:

Mucous layer

Submucous layer

Muscular layer

Serous layer

🔄 Movements of G.I. Tract

Peristalsis → forward movement

Segmental movement → mixing movement

👉 Helps food move forward

💡 Practical Insight

👉 Digestion is a complex coordinated process

👉 Any imbalance can cause:

Acidity

Indigestion

Malabsorption

👉 Proper understanding helps better medicine use

Digestive System āĻ•ী?

Digestive system āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻļāϰীāϰে:

āĻ–াāĻŦাāϰ āĻšāϜāĻŽ

āĻļোāώāĻŖ

āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ

āĻāχ āĻ•াāϜāĻ—ুāϞো āĻ•āϰে

👉 āĻāϟি āĻ—āĻ িāϤ: ✔️ Alimentary canal

✔️ Accessory organs

🧩 Alimentary Canal

👄 āĻŽুāĻ– (Mouth)

āĻĻাঁāϤ āĻ–াāĻŦাāϰ āϚিāĻŦাāϝ়

āϞাāϞা āĻšāϜāĻŽে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে

āĻ–াāĻŦাāϰ bolus āĻšāϝ়

đŸ—Ŗ️ Pharynx

āĻŽুāĻ–েāϰ āĻĒেāĻ›āύেāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļ

🔗 Oesophagus

āĻ–াāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒাāĻ•āϏ্āĻĨāϞীāϤে āĻĒাāĻ াāϝ়

đŸĢƒ āĻĒাāĻ•āϏ্āĻĨāϞী (Stomach)

👉 āĻāĻ–াāύে:

HCl

Pepsin

Lipase

👉 āĻ•াāϜ: ✔️ āĻĒ্āϰোāϟিāύ āĻšāϜāĻŽ

✔️ āĻāύāϜাāχāĻŽ āϏāĻ•্āϰিāϝ় āĻ•āϰা

đŸ§Ē āĻ•্āώুāĻĻ্āϰাāύ্āϤ্āϰ (Small Intestine)

👉 āĻ…ংāĻļ:

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

👉 āĻ•াāϜ: ✔️ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻšāϜāĻŽ

✔️ āĻĒুāώ্āϟি āĻļোāώāĻŖ

đŸšŊ āĻŦৃāĻšāĻĻাāύ্āϤ্āϰ (Large Intestine)

👉 āĻ•াāϜ:

āϜāϞ āĻļোāώāĻŖ

āĻŽāϞ āϤৈāϰি

āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ•āϟেāϰিāϝ়াāϰ āĻ•াāϜ

đŸšĒ Anal Canal

👉 āĻŽāϞāϤ্āϝাāĻ—ে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻ•āϰে

🧠 āϏāĻšাāϝ়āĻ• āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ— (Accessory Organs)

💧 āϞাāϞাāĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨি

👉 āϞাāϞা āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰে

đŸ§Ŧ Pancreas

👉 āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻāύāϜাāχāĻŽ āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰে

🏭 Liver

👉 āϏāĻŦāϚেāϝ়ে āĻŦāĻĄ় āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ—

👉 bile āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰে

✔️ āϚāϰ্āĻŦি āĻšāϜāĻŽ

✔️ āϟāĻ•্āϏিāύ āĻĻূāϰ

đŸŸĸ Gall Bladder

👉 bile āϜāĻŽা āϰাāĻ–ে

đŸ”Ŧ G.I. Tract Layers

Mucous

Submucous

Muscular

Serous

🔄 Movement

Peristalsis → āĻ–াāĻŦাāϰ āϏাāĻŽāύে āϝাāϝ়

Segmental → āĻŽিāĻļ্āϰāĻŖ āĻšāϝ়

💡 Practical Insight

👉 āĻšāϜāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āĻ–ুāĻŦ complex

👉 āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা āĻšāϞে:

āĻ—্āϝাāϏ

āĻ…āĻŽ্āϞāϤা

āĻšāϜāĻŽেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা

👉 āϤাāχ āϏāϚেāϤāύ āĻĨাāĻ•া āϜāϰুāϰি

⚠️ Disclaimer

This content is for educational purposes only.

Always consult a doctor before taking any medication.

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